Aristotle’s logic was developed and expanded on by later philosophers, mathematicians and logicians. The Aristotelian approach to logic largely determined how this subject was seen in the Hellenistic times, the Islamic Middle Ages, and the Christian Middle Ages.
The Stoics considered logic to be art of philosophy, whereas Islamic thinkers viewed logic partly as a tool and partly as an independent discipline in philosophy.
The first real steps in the study of logic took place in the 12th century, when Peter Abelard (1079-1142) wrote Dialectica, a treatise on logic.
In the late 17th to early 18th centuries, Gottfried Leibniz, the German mathematician and philosopher who along with Isaac Newton had a part in the invention of the calculus used by mathematician today, invented the idea do developing a formal mathematical language for reasoning.
Gottfried Leibniz outline plans for a thinking machine by conceiving an artificial universal language composed of symbols, which could stand for objects or concepts and logical rules for their manipulation.
In the 19t century, George Boole, an English mathematician, who lived from 1815 to 1864, developed Boolean algebra, the logical system which is still use as part of propositional and predicate logics.
A British mathematician, Alan Turing began to work on the idea of the possibility of building a computer that could think. His paper published in 1950, Computing Machinery & Intelligence, was one of the papers to be written on this subject.
The first intelligence program written for a computer was called ‘The Logic Theorist’. It was developed in1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert Simon and C. Shaw o find proofs for equations.
In June 1965, John McCarthy proposed the term ‘artificial intelligence’ (AI) as the name of the cross-discipline.
Early history of artificial intelligence
