In 1919 the Greeks landed in Smyrna and the following year began ambitious military campaign to extend Greek territorial holdings into those portions of Western Anatolia having significant numbers of Greeks.
Accordingly Greece started preparations to make attack on Thrace. Under the pressure of the Allies, the Caliphate was not prepared for confrontation. The nationalists were in Ankara where from, it was not possible to depute the army.
Mustafa Kamal responding to Greek ambitions, allied support o f the Christian countries and western imperialism, had take advantage of and channeled Turkish nationals against both the Greeks and the Caliphate.
The Greeks after occupation of Adrianople and Izmir resorted to unprecedented tyranny. The Allies appointed a Joint Commission of Inquiry. The commission expectedly held Greece responsible for exceeding the limits of the civilized Government.
The commissioned proposed that, Greece should vacate Anatolia and hand it over to the Allies. While these matters were considered, Greece with the help of British and French fleets proceeded again Nationalists.
The Nationalists initially heavily outnumbered and disorganized, reorganized into a strong fighting force and regained the territory taken by Greece, Because the war had been fought largely to regain Muslim lands taken by Greece forces, the Turkish victory increased Pan-Islamic feeling in many Muslim countries.
The Allies met at London. The object was merely to gain time. Soon after Greece made fresh attacks in Asia Minor, the nationalists again confronted and defeated the Greeks. In 1921, Prince Andrey, brother of the Greek King Constantine was killed in the battle.
By the spring of 1922 Mustafa Kamal had routed the Greeks. The settlement that followed provided for the compulsory exchange of Greek and Turkish populations. Some 1.3 million Greeks were moved from Turkey to Greece and 500,000 Turks from Greece to Turkey.
Greco-Turkish War 1920-1922
